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Forex Options

Definition of Forex Options

Forex options are exchange-traded derivative contracts that give the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a pair of underlying currencies at a pre-agreed price and date. Forex options are also known as currency options.

Every forex option can be split into a call or put option. A forex call option gives the holder the right to buy underlying forex pairs while a forex put option gives the holder the right to sell underlying currency pairs.

In either case, there is no obligation to exercise the contract but there is a pre-agreed price and expiration date attached. In India, forex options are only available for the USD-INR currency pair.

Related Terms

Dividend Stocks

Dividend stocks are shares of companies that redistribute their profits to shareholders in the form of dividends. Such companies are typically industry or sector leaders with stellar reputations and track records.

How much dividend a company offers can be calculated with the dividend yield ratio or dividend per share.

Investors prefer to buy dividend stocks because they can either reinvest the dividends to buy more shares or earn passive income. Examples of dividend stocks in India include:

  • Coal India
  • Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)
  • ONGC
  • SAIL
  • Tata Steel

Floating Interest Rate

The rate of interest that changes across the tenure of a loan, generally every quarter, due to the government’s interest rate, market conditions, and other factors is known as a floating interest rate.

Personal loans and home loans are typical examples of borrowing that carry a floating interest rate. A point to note here: the floating interest rate is added on top of a base interest rate that is charged by lenders.

Fair Value

The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.

Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.

The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:

Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D

Where,

Cash = Latest stock or index value

r = interest rate on purchase

x = number of days to contract expiry

Dividend = Dividends

The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.

However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.

Earnings Per Share

Earnings Per Share or EPS refers to the amount of profit that a company generates per outstanding share it has in the stock market. It is calculated by dividing the net income of a company by its shares outstanding.

Formula to calculate Earnings Per Share: Net Income / Number of Outsanding Shares

Generally, dividends distributed to preferred shareholders are deducted from the net income for EPS calculations. The EPS of a company can thus indicate whether or not it is generating enough profit. It can also be used as a valuation metric.

Holding Company

A holding company is a parent organization that holds a controlling interest in one or more subsidiary companies. The goal of a holding company is not to create products or services but to hold financial securities, typically in the form of equity, in other companies that create products or services. For example, Raise Financial Services is a holding company while Dhan is its subsidiary.

India VIX

India VIX is an index that measures volatility and market sentiment. The term VIX stands for Volatility Index and thus, the full form of India VIX is Indian Volatility Index.

A higher India VIX means higher volatility whereas India VIX would be lower due periods of low volatility. In fact, there are absolute values that help understand volatility via India VIX.

India VIX typically moves between 15 to 30, which represents a range that is considered “normal” as far as volatility is concerned.

However, India VIX has touched 90 during the 2008 financial crisis and trended near the value once again when the pandemic broke out in 2020.



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