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Finance GlossaryFair Value
Fair Value
Definition of Fair Value
The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Related Terms
Bullion
Bullion is used to refer to gold, silver, and other non-ferrous metals that have been designed to have high purity. These metals are generally molded into bars, coins, and other valuable items.
Dividend Stripping
Dividend stripping is a strategy of buying a company’s stock days before it announces a dividend and then selling the same stock at a lower price once the current holder is entitled to get the dividend previously announced.
The resulting loss in capital gains is generally offset by the profits from dividends. Dividend stripping was once non-taxable, which made the strategy lucrative for smart investors. However, dividends in India are now subject to tax.
The resulting loss in capital gains is generally offset by the profits from dividends. Dividend stripping was once non-taxable, which made the strategy lucrative for smart investors. However, dividends in India are now subject to tax.
Gold Futures
Gold futures are commodity derivatives that derive their value from gold bullion. A trader who buys a gold futures contract acquires the right and obligation to buy gold at a later date and price that’s pre-agreed. Gold futures in India are eligible for physical delivery once the terms of the contract are successfully fulfilled.
Flipping
Flipping is the act of buying and selling an asset quickly to make a profit. The term is commonly used in real estate where an investor buys a property and sells it within a short span of time, say days or weeks, to make a quick buck.
The real estate investor may flip the property after making small improvements to it, thereby increasing the chance of making potentially lucrative returns. Flipping is also a term used to describe an investor’s actions during an IPO.
For example, let’s assume Mr. Apple invests in the IPO of Juice & Co. and intends to sell the shares days or weeks after the company’s stock is available on the secondary market.
The stock soars on the first day of listing, right at the opening bell, and Mr. Apple sells. In such a case, Mr. Apple will have earned potential profits by flipping IPO shares.
The real estate investor may flip the property after making small improvements to it, thereby increasing the chance of making potentially lucrative returns. Flipping is also a term used to describe an investor’s actions during an IPO.
For example, let’s assume Mr. Apple invests in the IPO of Juice & Co. and intends to sell the shares days or weeks after the company’s stock is available on the secondary market.
The stock soars on the first day of listing, right at the opening bell, and Mr. Apple sells. In such a case, Mr. Apple will have earned potential profits by flipping IPO shares.
Basis Of Allotment
The basis of allotment is the criteria to allocate shares to investors, most commonly during IPOs. Criteria or basis for allotment lays out the following information:
The difference between the spot and futures prices forms the “basis” for the trading strategy. Hence the name basis trading. These are the two ways in which a trader may use the basis:
- Share allocation ratio
- Bids
- Demand
- Final price
The basis of allotment can vary based on the type of investor in question. Bidders during an IPO for whom a different basis of allotment applies include:
- Retail Individual Investors (RII)
- Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB)
- Non-Institutional Buyers (NIBs)
- High Net-worth Individuals (HNIs)
- Anchor Investors
Forward Market
The forward market is a place where forward contracts are traded. A forward is an over-the-counter derivative that carries a pre-agreed expiration date and price on which the contract must be exercised. It carries a right and an obligation.
Forwards are similar to futures but there is one major difference - forwards are unregulated instruments. Any entity writing a forward contract can customize the lot size and other details to fit their needs.
The forward market, as a whole, is an unregulated market whose typical participants include banks, vendors, and other large financial players.
Forwards are similar to futures but there is one major difference - forwards are unregulated instruments. Any entity writing a forward contract can customize the lot size and other details to fit their needs.
The forward market, as a whole, is an unregulated market whose typical participants include banks, vendors, and other large financial players.
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