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Equities
Definition of Equities
The term equities can be used to describe two different things. First, equities refers to stocks held by shareholders. Equities of this type represent residual ownership or stake in a company.
Second, equities are the amount of money shareholders shall receive in the event that a company is liquidated. In such a case, the equities will be calculated by subtracting the total debt from total assets.
Related Terms
Fair Value
The fair value of a stock, product, or service is the price at which the buyer and seller willingly agree on without being on the losing end of the deal. Think of fair value as a win-win situation for both parties, assuming that all conditions are normal.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Say Mr. Apple is offered to buy shares of Mr. Orange’s company at Rs. 1000 per share. Mr. Apple evaluates the business and figures out that he can sell the same shares for Rs. 1200, even though Mr. Orange is content to sell the shares at Rs. 200 lower. Both parties agree on the deal at Rs. 1000 because both view it as a good deal.
The formula for the fair value of a stock or index is:
Fair Value = Cash * { 1 + r (X / 360)} - D
Where,
Cash = Latest stock or index value
r = interest rate on purchase
x = number of days to contract expiry
Dividend = Dividends
The definition of fair value is slightly different in the futures market. In the futures market, the fair value is reached when the supply meets the demand, which simply means that the spot price is equal to the futures contractprice.
However, due to inherent volatility of the markets, the price of a futures contract is known to fluctuate around the fair value of a stock or index. Thus, in the fair value in the context of futures is what the price of the contract should be, given the value of the stock or index, dividends, and others.
Floating Interest Rate
The rate of interest that changes across the tenure of a loan, generally every quarter, due to the government’s interest rate, market conditions, and other factors is known as a floating interest rate.
Personal loans and home loans are typical examples of borrowing that carry a floating interest rate. A point to note here: the floating interest rate is added on top of a base interest rate that is charged by lenders.
Personal loans and home loans are typical examples of borrowing that carry a floating interest rate. A point to note here: the floating interest rate is added on top of a base interest rate that is charged by lenders.
IPO
An IPO or Initial Public Offering is the method in which a privately held company becomes a publicly listed company. Existing shareholders must approve the IPO plan before the company can go public. Once shareholders approve, the company will either hire an intermediary or go for a Direct Public Offering, the result of which will be the determination of a price for the new equity shares that will be listed in the primary market.
Asset Allocation
Asset allocation is a strategy or method in which an investor decides how much money they should allocate to an investment based on their risk profile, financial goals, and other factors to maximize returns and minimize risk.
After Hours Trading
After hours trading means buying and selling securities after the end of regular market hours. In India, the stock market is open for regular trade from 9.15 AM to 3.30 PM.
After hours trading is allowed from 3.40 PM to 4 PM. Around the world, stocks are known to suffer from a lack of liquidity during after hours trading.
After hours trading is allowed from 3.40 PM to 4 PM. Around the world, stocks are known to suffer from a lack of liquidity during after hours trading.
Annual Net Profit Margin
A Net Profit Margin is the ratio of a company’s net profits to revenues. The formula to calculate Net Profit Margin is:
Net Profit Margin = Net Profit* / Revenue * 100
*Net profit = Revenue - Cost of goods - Operating Cost - Other Expenses - Interest - Taxes
Net Profit Margin is expressed as a percentage, which means that you can compare the financial health of multiple companies.
A company can use its Net Profit Margin to understand whether its strategies and business models are effective.
Net Profit Margin = Net Profit* / Revenue * 100
*Net profit = Revenue - Cost of goods - Operating Cost - Other Expenses - Interest - Taxes
Net Profit Margin is expressed as a percentage, which means that you can compare the financial health of multiple companies.
A company can use its Net Profit Margin to understand whether its strategies and business models are effective.
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