What is Call Option: Definition & Meaning Explained

Definition of Call Option

A call option is a type of derivative contract that gives the right but not the obligation to buy an underlying asset like shares, commodities, currencies, and others at a pre-agreed price and date.

There are three components to a call option:

Premium: the price paid to buy a call option
Strike price: the pre-agreed price of the underlying asset
Expiration date: the day after which the option contract will be worthless

Gravestone Doji

A Gravestone Doji is a candlestick pattern that signals the reversal of a bullish trend into a bearish one. The key marker of a Gravestone Doji pattern is the open, low, and closing prices being near to one another.

This is a price action type trading strategy that is formed with a tall upper shadow, which is a signal of a bearish reversal.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term assets or holdings which fall under the current assets of a business. Cash and cash equivalents have very high liquidity. When you take the term literally, you have two components:

Cash: money like cash holdings in a bank account, petty cash, and others
Cash equivalents: assets or investments like T-bills, commercial paper, and others that have a short maturity which can easily be converted into cash

Forward Price

The forward price is the final value at which a forward contract is exercised, that is, delivered to the buyer by the seller. It is different from the spot price of the underlying asset as it includes the cost of carry like interest rates, storage cost, and other carrying charges. The formula to calculate forward price is:

Forward price: Spot Price − Cost of Carry (storage costs, interest rate, etc)

Book Entry Securities

Book entry securities are financial instruments like stocks, bonds, ETFs, and others whose ownership is recorded and tracked electronically. Book building is the process of determining the potential issue price of a financial instrument based on investor demand, generally during an IPO.

For context, there was a time when physical ownership certificates were issued. If someone wanted to sell their shares, they’d have to present the ownership certificate and get it transferred to the buyer.

Book entries have made ownership certificates obsolete as they track who owns what electronically.

The trades are settled by the depository like NSDL or CSDL which sends the buyer a statement confirming ownership.

*All securities mentioned on this website are exemplary and not recommendatory.

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Call Option