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Cash and Cash Equivalents

Definition of Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term assets or holdings which fall under the current assets of a business. Cash and cash equivalents have very high liquidity. When you take the term literally, you have two components:

  • Cash: money like cash holdings in a bank account, petty cash, and others
  • Cash equivalents: assets or investments like T-bills, commercial paper, and others that have a short maturity which can easily be converted into cash

Related Terms

Buy and Hold

Buy and hold is a long term investment strategy that is designed to help investors ride out market volatility by buying and holding fundamentally solid businesses that have the potential to grow over decades.

Discounted Cash Flow

Discounted cash flow is a method of valuing a company in the present based on future cash flows. An investment may be profitable in the present if the discounted cash flow is above the current cost of investing.

The formula to calculate discounted cash flows is:

DCF = Cash Flow Year 1 / (1+r1)^1 + Cash Flow Year 2 / (1+r2)^2 + Cash Flow Year N / (1+r)^n

Candlesticks

Candlesticks are technical charts used in trading to understand price movements. A candlestick chart will show the following information: There are three components to a call option:

  • High (for the period)
  • Low (for the period)
  • Open price
  • Closing price

The main body of the candle will be green if the closing price is higher than the opening price and red if the closing price is lower than the opening price.

Long green candles mean more investors and traders want to buy a stock. Long red candles mean more investors and traders want to exit a stock.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk refers to the probable decline in the value of a fixed income security because of a fluctuation in the interest rate. Fixed income securities lose value when interest rates rise whereas a bond or other debt instruments become more valuable when interest rates fall. Equity shares and securities do not carry interest rate risk.

Cash Market

A cash market is a place where assets, goods, and services are bought and sold on the spot. That’s why it is also known as the “spot market”.

A stock market exchange like NSE or BSE is an example of a cash market as trades are settled on the spot at the spot price. Derivatives like futures are not a part of the cash market are trades are settled in the future.

Liquidity Trap

A Liquidity Trap is an economic event where the general public stashes cash in their bank savings account instead of investing in bonds because of the assumption that a rise in interest rates is imminent, even though interest rates are low.



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